The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States

The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States Presentation East Asian emergency of 1997/1989 is recorded among the most transmittable monetary emergencies over the most recent two decades (Shambaugh Yahuda, 2009, p. 5). Nations which were most influenced incorporate Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and South Korea. In any case, the emergency additionally influenced different economies like China, Singapore and Taiwan. This emergency began as a theoretical assault on Thailand’s economy in mid 1997 however immediately spread to the neighboring economies. By October 1997, Thai cash had fallen by roughly 40 percent, Philippine and Malaysian monetary standards by 30 percent and the remainder of East Asian monetary forms by 35 to 40 percent against the American dollar.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most exceedingly terrible hit economies experienced grave financial and political difficulti es (Lane, 1999, p. 5). This emergency later took another measurement, generally known as twin emergency. The approach reaction to the cash emergency later prompted an emergency in the money related organizations. This occurred predominantly in South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. This emergency caused all out confusion in Indonesia because of its effect in the political and financial front. Be that as it may, Taiwan and Singapore got away without desperate outcomes. Republic of China, especially Hong Kong found a way to turn away the impact of the emergency (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 2). The monetary emergency was credited to the coming of globalization. Notwithstanding, there are various elective clarifications on the reason for this emergency. Frankel and Kose (1996, p.352) credited the approaching emergency to hailing basics. At the end of the day, colossal budgetary shortfalls, expanded cash flexibly, huge deficiencies in the present record, and hold misfortunes. They c larify that when these rule components are not reliable with fiscal gracefully they can cause theoretical assault. Path (1999, p. 8) credit it to moral perils, for example, absence of straightforwardness which prompts choice difficulties making the economy helpless. These vulnerabilities can be covered up until the emergency hit. He likewise adds that economies’ powerlessness to support exceptional momentary obligations may have caused the emergency. Radelet and Sachs (2001, p. 12) contended that grouping and freezing may have constrained sound financial specialists to pull out their interest fully expecting the emergency. This paper will concentrate just on three nations: Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand. Pre-Crisis Before the emergency, these nations were encountering heavenly financial development. Their GDP became quickly at two digits from 1990 to 1996. With their combined development rate being more than 110 percent in the multi year time span, there is no big surpris e financial specialists alluded to them as supernatural occurrence economies. Be that as it may, when the emergency hit between 1997 and1998, these nations were generally influenced (Berger, 2003, p.388). Specialists contend that the present record shortfall may have assumed a tremendous job in the cash emergency in these three nations. Preceding the emergency, these three nations had huge current record shortage. Their rates were path over five percent which many would view as unsafe. It is accepted that the high monetary development experienced in the three nations before the emergency was supported by gigantic import of capital merchandise to the detriment of fares. This may have added to the monstrous shortage in the present record (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 25; McDougall, 2007, p. 5). Furthermore, the hole among speculation and sparing may have likewise added to the present record shortage. Despite the fact that East Asian is commonly notable for high sparing rate, the elevated level of speculation required to support the quick development rate during the seven-year time frame implied that the three nations were spending more than they were sparing (McDougall, 2007, p. 6).Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the speculations of global financial matters, current record shortfall ought to be equivalent to the present record excess. Current record surplus is in this manner the flipside of the present record shortfall (Kevin, 2011, p.10). In the seven-year time frame (1990-1996), South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand had capital record overflow. As it were, they had solid capital inflows. An enormous capital inflow isn't really an issue, however inflows (in types of transient obligations) can be exceptionally dangerous to the economy. Given the significant level of rivalry particularly from the rising Asian goliaths (Indian and China), outside direct venture was declining subsequently requiring these sorts of inflows to fuel quickly developing economy. In 1996, absolute outside advance as a level of gross local items was assessed to be more than 40 percent in Thailand, 25 percent in South Korea, and 22 percent in Malaysia (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). Then again, transient obligations comprised in excess of 75 percent of the all out advance in South Korea, 65 percent in Thailand, and 56 percent in Malaysia. In this manner, these nations depended intensely on momentary credits to fuel their economies (Kevin, 2011, p.10). The emergency was additionally exasperated by conversion standard system and monetary freedom (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 26). Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia were on a semi peg framework with their money related strategies being controlled inside restricted groups. Despite the fact that semi peg framework limits money instability, neighborhood cash arrangements must fit in with the pegged money. Since every one of these nations peg their cash against the U.S dollar, their arrangements put a ton of focus on the conversion scale. Besides, the swelling rate for these nations was over 5 percent contrasted with the United State’s 2.5 percent (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 27). True to form, the money ought to have devalued against the dollar. In any case, since the conversion scale framework in these nations strived to balance out the cash, it prompted overestimation of money esteems in various manners. Notwithstanding their low degree of worldwide stores, the three nations turned out to be progressively defenseless against theoretical assault. The conversion standard defenselessness combined with budgetary progression implied that the development in powerlessness was unavoidable (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). The variables that accelerated weakness to the genuine emergency were the theoretical assault on Thailand’s money in mid 1997. The early assault was giga ntic and reached out to different nations inside East Asia. The emergency uncovered Thai Central Bank which had revealed misleading figures on usable stores (Lane, 1999, p. 8). The money related emergency was like the emergency that hit Mexico in 1995 and the thing that matters was distinctly on the unnecessary capital outflow.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Within the primary quarter of the emergency just, Thailand’s evaluated capital flight was very nearly 30 percent of total national output. This was excessively high than the figure recorded in Mexico during the 1995 emergency (McDougall, 2007, p. 10). The extreme capital outpouring was because of the reaction to the susceptibilities that had gathered and at that specific second, it was seen through devaluing monetary standards (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). The three fundamental components of thi s emergency were capital surge, least saves, and unpredictable loan fees. Safeguarding capital flight that was destabilizing their monetary forms and low global stores, the national banks in Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia had no other alternative yet to coast their monetary standards and increment loan fees to turn away add up to financial breakdown. Given their exceedingly utilized economies, expanding loan fees in these nations was extremely anguishing and had undesired impacts (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 29). The underlying money emergency drove into another emergency in the nearby financial area. The genuine division likewise felt the effect of the increasing financing costs since the pace of defaulters additionally expanded. The seriousness of this emergency was obvious in contracted GDP. The normal GDP development for the three economies during the emergency fell underneath 9 percent as opposed to 11 percent saw before the emergency. The money related division additionally experi enced comparative radical compression (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). Post-emergency Initially, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea grasped approaches that had contracting impact. The standard goal of these approaches was to settle the economy. This endured from August 1997 to nearly September 1998. Thereafter, they began utilizing expansionary/genius development approaches (Berger, 2003, p.389). On the off chance that the pace and degree at which these economies went down were surprising, the pace of their recuperation was also bewildering. By August 1999, genuine GDP for these nations had gotten positive. Financial development in Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand got a lift from the solid development in the worldwide economy. With these nations seeing positive development in the economy, the recuperation procedure was authentic. Without a doubt, South Korea enlisted the most grounded recuperation (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 30). Despite the fact that the macroeconomic approaches grasped by these nations were the equivalent, their arrangement reaction was not the equivalent. Given the huge capital flight and its effect on the economy, these nations needed to either deflect the circumstance or find new inflows to forestall absolute monetary breakdown (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 46). Malaysia picked to force strategies that managed capital surge and fixed its cash. Notwithstanding, Thailand and South Korea favored the IMF course. At the end of the day, they acknowledged colossal monetary bundles from the Inter

Paul Krugmans Why Inequality Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paul Krugmans Why Inequality Matters - Essay Example As an element of this, Krugman explicitly centers upon the hole between the rich and poor people, and the way that this hole has been augmenting in the previous a very long while. In such a way, the accompanying investigation will look to embody the fundamental contentions that are introduced inside the piece, talk about the significance to the present type of administration that is being spoken to all through the United States, and reference the effects this may probably have on worldwide relations later on. Through such a conversation and examination, it is the expectation of this specific writer that the peruser will have the option to go to a progressively educated level regarding comprehension and gratefulness for the manner by which such an apparently inconsequential piece can have a significant effect upon the manner by which the United States might associate with the world sooner rather than later. The essential contention that Krugman speaks to is that the expanded concentra tion upon imbalance isn't the consequence of a top-down commitment of legislative issues from an all the more socially disapproved of government; rather, the concentration upon disparity in the differential between â€Å"the rich and the rest† is the aftereffect of the way that singular partners inside society have become increasingly mindful that runaway insatiability, disparity, and a careless degree of theocracy have characterized the way and the way wherein private enterprise is spoken to inside the United States (Krugman 1). As a methods for portraying this new methodology, Krugman draws upon the ongoing mayoral race in New York itself. Such gabber and unashamed communist having the option to overcome every single other competitor in a political race must be portrayed as to some degree amazing notwithstanding what is as of now thought about American governmental issues. In addition, Krugman calls to the reader’s mind the understanding that a complete move to one s ide is occurring in the manner by which President Obama is directing the country, referencing the Affordable Health Care Act, the proposed extension of Social Security, and a reiteration of different examples as verification of this. Though it may not quickly be seen, the notability that the entirety of this needs to universal relations has to do with the way that the United States will probably not keep on falling behind the remainder of the world concerning the general significance that social spending has inside some random financial plan. For quite a long time, the United States has spent a far littler segment of its yearly spending plan on social projects when contrasted with numerous other exceptionally created and well off countries all through the globe. However, as Krugman noticed, a move is at present occurring that will probably observe this pattern switched. Despite the fact that this may not obviously point to an adjustment in universal relations, it must be noticed tha t a further degree of center upon social projects and social spending locally will intrinsically diminish the measure of cash that is accessible for intercession and military commitment with the rest of the world, in this way making the United States possibly progressively easygoing and less forceful as respects direct degrees of hard force that it would be willing and ready to extend all through the world. From the data that has been introduced, the main degree of analysis that can be demanded against Krugman’s understanding is the absence of bipartisanship that he holds. Though examining this issue from simply a financial or cultural outlook would have been powerful, Krugman rather tries to use his specific perspective as an idea on the side of President Obama. Despite the fact that this is surely admissible regarding an assessment article piece, an unmistakably progressively powerful degree of commitment would have been to move toward the issue of disparity from an

The Rates of PTSD in Military Veterans

The Rates of PTSD in Military Veterans PTSD PTSD and the Military Print The Rates of PTSD in Military Veterans By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 23, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 20, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children KataryzynaBialasiewicz/istockphoto In This Article Table of Contents Expand Vietnam Veterans Persian Gulf War Veterans Iraq/Afghanistan Conflict Treatment in Veterans Conclusion View All Regardless of which war or conflict you look at, high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans have been found.?? Throughout history, people have recognized that exposure to combat situations can negatively impact the mental health of those involved in these situations. In fact, the diagnosis of PTSD historically originates from observations of the effect of combat on soldiers. The grouping of symptoms that we now refer to as PTSD has been described in the past as combat fatigue, shell shock, or war neurosis.?? For this reason, researchers have been particularly interested in examining the extent to which PTSD occurs among veterans. Rates of PTSD in Vietnam veterans, Persian Gulf War veterans, and Iraq War veterans are provided below. PTSD in Vietnam Veterans In 1983, a mandate set forth by Congress required the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to conduct a study to better understand the psychological effects of being in combat in the Vietnam War. The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) found that approximately 15% of the 2.7 million Americans who served in the Vietnam war had PTSD.?? The incidence over a lifetime following involvement in the Vietnam war, however, is much greater. Approximately 30% of men and 27% of women developed some form of partial PTSD at some point in their life following Vietnam.?? Today, some 40 years later, new findings reported by the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study (NVVLS) indicate that approximately 271,000 Vietnam veterans still suffer from PTSD and other major depressive disorders, indicating an ongoing need for mental health services for veterans after returning home from combat. Another congressional mandate, the NVVLS surveyed many of the Vietnam veterans who were previously assessed by the NVVRS, since a significant number of those participants had since passed away.?? PTSD in Persian Gulf War Veterans Although the Persian Gulf War was brief, its impact was no less traumatic than other wars. From the time the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991 to now, veterans have reported a number of physical and mental health problems. Studies examining the mental health of Persian Gulf War veterans are mixed, with some findings indicating that the rates of PTSD stemming from the Gulf war were lower than other wars, ranging from 8â€"16%. Some of these estimated rates are higher than what has been found among veterans not deployed to the Persian Gulf.?? PTSD in Iraq and Afghanistan Conflict Veterans The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan are ongoing. Thats why the full the impact the war has had on the mental health of soldiers in Iraq is not yet known. A study published in 2004 looked at members of four United States combat infantry units (three Army units and one Marine unit) who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan and found that soldiers who were deployed to Iraq had more exposure to combat than those deployed to Afghanistan. As such, of the veterans who participated in the study, there was greater prevalence of PTSD among those who returned from Iraq (15â€"17%) versus those who returned from Afghanistan (11%).?? One study of National Guard Soldiers highlighted the persistent effects of combat by looking at the rates of PTSD both three months and 12 months post-deployment. Rates of nine to 31% were noted overall, but of even more importance was the persistence of symptoms a year after return. In this study, there was also a high rate of alcohol misuse illustrating self-medicationâ€"a risky form of self-treatment for PTSD.?? PTSD Treatment for Veterans The treatment of PTSD is multidimensional, including medication, therapy, and in recent years, mindfulness-based treatments have provided an alternative to managing both PTSD and chronic pain.?? While some researchers have said that exposure therapy, which is trauma focused, is not always advisable for most veterans with PTSD, a 2019 study suggested otherwise. The study was the first to conclude that exposure therapy did not increase the risk of exacerbation of PTSD symptoms among participants.?? The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Conclusion Regardless of the war, soldiers involved in combat consistently show high rates of PTSD. If you are a veteran, the National Center for PTSD provides some excellent information on coping with the residual effects of war. If you are returning from Iraq, information about VA Transition Centers and additional resources are also provided. And, if you are a family member of a veteran, important information is also available pertaining to living with and caring for someone with PTSD.

The Media And Its Impact On Society - 2564 Words

The media is worldwide and it is involved in the lives of many people. People use the media to receive information that would be hard to get otherwise. They can also use the media to communicate with others around them, and even worldwide. Society is affected by the media in many ways; such as businesses promoting themselves or their products, communication, and the behavior of people and the body image. Businesses use the media to get consumers to buy the products they come out with. Since the beginning of mass media, companies and businesses alike have used communication to large numbers of people about their product (Shah). Companies spend a great amount of money to encourage people to buy their product, by winning them over (Shah). The media provides information, rates, suggests new products and services such as movies, computers, restaurants, books, fashion items, and more (Rinallo and Basurory). The days where brands and companies had to buy advertising are gone. Today it is difficult to tell the difference between the publisher and the marketer. This gives the chance for companies to become satisfied conservators, making their own items on their websites for their businesses (â€Å"Media Influence†). More and more people are considering traditional advertisements untrustworthy; in fact 75% of people do not think traditional advertisements are true. Companies are also us ing online advertisements to influence consumers to buy their product. Most people today are using theShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have become one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most Americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect of that is the fact that the media are very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media are expected to be educational.Read MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1678 Words   |  7 Pages When you are young you don t realize that what you are watching on the television is shaping many of your beliefs, distorting what is fictional and what is reality. The media plays a huge role in stereotyping black people compared to white people which has a major impact in how we view the people in our world. When we are watching tv or listening to the radio and it is constantly relating the color of a person s skin to their actions. This causes the audience to associate these actions with aRead MoreThe Impact of Media on Society853 Words   |  3 PagesHow much of an impact does the media have on your life? How many hours do you spend on the phone, watching television, or browsing the internet? Whether you choose to believe it or not, the media plays an enormous role in our everyday lives, and its impacts continues to stretch as technological advancements and other inn ovative creations come into place. One of the largest groups that the media affects, we fear is our children. As media continuously grows and undergoes changes, more and more childrenRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have becoming one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect on that is the fact that the media is very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media is expected to be educational. PublicRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesMedia can be defined as â€Å"the means of communication as radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, that reach or influence people widely† and is fully ingrained into our society. In fact, according to Nielsen’s Total Audience Report, during the 1st Quarter of 2016, American adults consumed media at a daily average of 10 hours and 39 minutes. Media not only entertains us and serves as an important agent of communication, but also plays a crucial role in the socialization of culturalRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society1435 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mass media is a significant force in modern culture. Sociologists refer to this as a mediated culture where media reflects and creates the culture† (â€Å"The Role and Influence of Mass Media†, n.d, para.2). Media has affected to the most area of human life include relationship, education, careers, and entertainment. There were a lot of researches about the impacts of media to society from negative to positive effects; however, researchers were not pay attention to the impacts of media in inequalityRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe media plays a significant role in developing awareness on various different subjects. Without the media, people would be much less informed on many social and economic issues. The media can be credited for improvements in these sectors today as it engages the public to have an opinion of our on-going evolvements by releasing daily reports on such topics. In terms of charitable aid the media has greatly developed our awareness with a nature that influences us to feel sympathy for those less fortunateRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society1696 Words   |  7 Pages Media has an impact on many of the population’s everyday life. It comes to no surprise that the media i s closely related with body imaging. There are thousands of advertisements out in the media that depict images of beauty and physical attractiveness which are unrealistic. The masses see these images and think that they are achievable thus lowering the self-esteem of many. Many of these commercials and advertisements fall under the category of the following: weight loss, clothing, cosmetics andRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesMedia has been growing for a numerous amount of years, and it will only keep rising. You could say that nearly everyone around you has some sort of technological device or way in which they can access the media, these are what we call print, audio visual and on-line media. Print media includes things such as newspapers, magazines and even books, Audio visual media includes your TV, radio or even music and finally on-line media is mostly photos or videos that are spread over the internet. With theRead MoreThe Impact Of Med ia On Society1853 Words   |  8 Pages In twenty first century, media is unavoidable in society. Every human being is exposed to countless media images, advertisements, magazines, TV shows in their everyday lives. Media is everywhere, it’s hard to avoid and there’s no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has a cell phone, internet connection, or a television. If not, billboard signs, magazines, and store advertisements are everywhere in society. Media is designed to advertise, entertain, giving information

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Cheap Term Paper Writing Service

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Being Gay Free Essays

Being Gay: What the Filipino Parents Should Understand About the LGBT About 3 days ago, I have read an article in the Philippine Star advising parents on what to do when they have a gay child. It was written by a local journalist, Tintin Bersola-Babao according to her interview with a â€Å"noted psychologist. The article details how parents should stop all the effeminate ways of their children and how to tell them that they are what â€Å"God† made them and they must live a family with only the opposite sex in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Being Gay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Phrasing my last sentence that way is an understatement on how the article abhors the LGBT and limits a child’s choice on his own sexual identity, but at least, you have a hint of where I’m coming from. This essay is entitled â€Å"Being Gay,† the same title as that of the said article I have read to parallelize the contentions of what should the parents do to their gay child according to the perspective of a â€Å"noted psychologist† who speaks of the word of her god (I still don’t know which god she has been referring to all those times, though) rather than the word of her profession and someone from the LGBT and is happy that his parents never did what the article advised them to do. On the choice of â€Å"Being† Gay First of all, the title of the article has expressed a belief that the author, under her mind, has the idea of gayness as a state of being rather than a stigma. You, parents should be able to understand that homosexuality is not an imposed consciousness that your children have to live with, because nothing should be imposed on them, to begin with. They live their own lives according to what they inherently have, not that someone has inflicted them with characteristics and told them what they should be just because the bible says so. You should let your children explore the horizons of their sexuality than impose an identity that you want your children to have. Your child’s identity is a product of the choices they made, the challenges they faced, and the trials they conquered. In order to positively maximize your child’s personality, s/he should not be limited to the out dated social norms and concepts of morality. These things stop them from being who they really are like a box that imprisons them in the shadow of others. Without giving them the freedom to discover their own ‘self,’ children further evelops confusion on their own sexuality. They will question themselves because they deviate from what you told them to be, worse, on what they can see and get from the society. Even you prohibit your gay child to be effeminate, his inner â€Å"gay† self will still manifest, one day or another. That is because once again, gayness is a state of being. You can’t strip that aspe ct of your child off them. That is who they are. The least you can do is to accept them, nurture them, and support them. Besides, whatever they will become, they are your children. On the guarantee to heterosexuality The first thing to comprehend on the issue of homosexuality and effeminacy is that a child’s preference on clothes or toys doesn’t suggest their sexuality. There is no guarantee to heterosexuality of a boy who loves sports and toy guns or a girl who acts genuinely lady-like. As children, their choice on toys depends on what you give them or what they see in the media. There is no such thing as an instinctive preference on things like these; it’s the society that is telling us that girls should play with Barbie dolls and boys should play with toy guns. In the same line of thought, a boy who’s playing with Barbie dolls doesn’t suggest his homosexuality. He might be playing with dolls because he admires their beauty or he wants to be a doll maker or fashion designer in the future. A girl playing with toy guns might want to be in the military someday or an action film actress. The point here is that children are way beyond what we see on them. You should be able to accept your child beyond what is seen by the naked eye. Regardless of their sexuality, they are still human beings. On God and Morality Considering the concept of individualism as a playing card in the issue of sexuality, morality should not be a basis of your judgment to your children. Morality is something that you can’t quantify. What is immoral to you may be moral to others. The concept of right and wrong doesn’t really matter in the issue of homosexuality, though; because there is nothing wrong with homosexuality and homosexual acts in the first place. What is wrong is on how people look and label the LGBT as a disease created by demons. The religion backbone of the argument against the LGBT is not even valid. Those were close minded opinions formulated by people who at first believed that women are inferior to men. The thing is, the bible may be the word of God, but what we know about the bible is just an interpretation of a group of people according to their own context. The age of close-mindedness has been gone for a very long time; however, we still suffer its aftershocks. God created everyone equally, the bible says, and God created the world. Even the gays and the lesbians are created by God in his own image. They too are children of God. They were gays because God wants them to be gay. It’s just sad that other people believe otherwise. Again, there is nothing wrong with being gay, what is wrong is to punish your child because he is one. Raising a better person The first misconception of most parents when they have a gay child is that their child will be a lesser person – they will have a hard time finding a good job, they are shames on the family, so on and so forth. The second is that having a gay child is caused by their failure to raise the child to become a better person. Parents, I tell you, none of those were right. They were just mistaken beliefs. The truth is that being a straight individual is not a prerequisite to become a better person, in the same way that being gay is not an obstacle for someone to land on a good job. In our society nowadays, gays are well accepted in the corporate arena. Companies value qualifications and skills more than one’s sexuality. As a matter of fact, majority of the LGBT graduates were hired in the first job they applied to because of their confidence and inherent dynamism, studies shows. Nothing’s to be worried about. BUT if you chastise your child for being gay because of the reason that he will not get a good job for being one, you’re the one who are discriminating your child, not his future boss. Being a better person means being able to contribute to the greater good. And with its definition, none is said about one’s sexual identity. For as long as you raise your gay child to be someone who respects other people, someone who loves of God, someone who doesn’t violate the law, and someone who is productive enough to help himself, his family, and his country, you should be proud of yourselves. You have raised a better person, even though he’s gay. On love and future family â€Å"Love is human experience, not a political statement. † Anne Hathaway said. Love should know no limit, love should know no discrimination. You should love a person, not a gender. This is what most of Filipino parents failed to understand. Telling your effeminate son that he is a boy and that he should be marrying a woman (girl) is a good way of raising him but telling him that he should love a person regardless of who and what he is, is better. You, of all the people, are the ones who should have the reason to understand your children’s feelings. Don’t force them to love someone that they don’t. They can’t choose who to love, nor can they choose to love who they don’t. The key is to just support them emotionally for them to know if what they feel is real love. No one else can help them do that. Only you. The problem with most people is that they think that love only exists between a man and a woman, and that a homosexual relationship is just an offspring of lust and sexual desires. But, for a fact, the most solid love is the love that exists in a gay relationship because the couple has overcome the challenge of a mandatory social conformity. Gay couples were able to embody what love really is –loving someone’s heart, not someone’s penis or vagina. Parents please don’t deny your children to love and be loved. You’ve once experienced it; let your child have the same. An appeal to Filipino parents To the Filipino parents who were blinded by the close-minded culture of social conformity and religious righteousness, please remove your blindfolds. The world is more than what you see inside the box of ignorance. You are parents, and as parents, you should understand your children; not make them suffer because you think they deviate from the social norms. Accept them for who they are, not make them someone they are not. Let them see the world the way you saw the world, let them experience life, the way you did. In the end, regardless of their sexuality, they are your children. We are your children, and we need you to guide us to be better people, not a better dick or a better vagina. You, of all the people, should be the first ones to recognize our identity, to empower our senses, and to be proud of us. The arguments that were laid are of pure logic and human reason. There are no concrete scientific evidence to prove the arguments, but at least, they are something to ponder upon. How to cite Being Gay, Essay examples

What Is Politics Essay Example For Students

What Is Politics Essay Frank Sinatra once said, Youre riding high in April, shot down in May. But I know Im gonna change that tune, when Im back on top, back on top in June.Does the epitome of individualism lie in the lyrics of a Las Vegas singer? Is this really how far we must look to find the principles on which this country was created? Unfortunately, this is the case. Social programs implemented by the Federal Government have produced a nation of sniveling crybabies. The concept of rugged individualism has been replaced by the doctrine of victimization. Consequently, we find ourselves entrenched in a constant battle to save our nation from imminent disaster. Social and moral deterioration is attributed to the following: the media chastising traditional views, publicly funded Federal handouts, and the breakdown of family values. We will write a custom essay on What Is Politics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The median from which the majority of Americans receive their news has one major flaw; its not actually the news. NBC, CBS, and ABC report the news from their perspective. Whatever news they deem important is constructed to parallel the public sentiment. This has an enormous impact on the way we form social priorities, morals, and personal principles. If were told what to think, how do we become independent? For example, when an individual openly proclaims that welfare is harmful, that same individual is called a bigot by the press. It is no longer safe to promote conservative ideals for fear of public ridicule. Our nation has been in a downward spiral ever since The New Deal. The Roosevelt Administration attempted to remedy poverty by throwing money at the poor, free for the asking. Although weve demonstrated for the past fifty years that this method does not work, it is still implemented nevertheless. The Federal Government subsidizes the poor by sending them tax-free checks. Inste ad of encouraging individuals to realize their full potential, the Government labels them as helpless; unable to survive without a bloated Federal Government providing them things. Recent legislation is aimed at helping welfare recipients by aiding their job search. Moving recipients off welfare and into jobs gives them a feeling of self-reliance. This is the key to a happy, successful life. Societys ideals have changed dramatically in recent times. Unfortunately, these changes have a negative impact on the families of America. Single parent households, divorces, and teenage pregnancy is becoming more common. Personal responsibility has long been abandoned. Even common courtesy has been thrown in the background. The absence of a stable family threatens the future of our children. The alarming trends show us that children of broken homes have a greater risk of becoming delinquents than their stable family counterparts. Undoubtedly, our founding fathers would be ashamed of our nations integrity. America was built on core beliefs. The seemingly most important belief is rugged individualism. The founders emphatically stressed the notion that every individual is sovereign, and dependency on Government is political slavery. America can still be saved. Every citizen should feel personal responsible for the welfare of his or her family. In addition, Americans should teach their children to emulate positive role models, rather than the fringe sections of our society. Many people believe that these are extravagant ideals and that we could not afford to upset the current standards. On the other hand, can we afford not to?

Womens suffrage essays

Womens suffrage essays The womens suffrage movement began in Seneca Falls, New York during a convention on the rights of women. Seneca Falls was a progressive town but even here, Elizabeth Cady Stantons call for suffrage was controversial. Voting and politics were seen as completely male domains and it was shocking to think of women involved in either. The primary argument of suffragists was that they were being denied one of the most basic rights of Democracy. They were expected to live under laws which they could not vote for and pay taxes to a government which didnt represent them. Men were only half of the population but they were in charge of all of the decisions. Not only was it unfair, it went against the way God intended things to be. Women and men were different. To create a balanced society, they must both be allowed to have influence. In 1848, women were treated as the property of men. They didnt have rights to property or to their children. It was legal for a man to beat his wife. They were taxed but denied representation in congress. Their sphere of influence was in the home. The Seneca Falls Declaration called for an increase in womens rights in these areas, as well as in education for women and the jobs available to them. It stated that women were morally obligated to resist their tyrannical and oppressive government. This unfair treatment wasnt only unjust, it went against God. The Declaration was not well received by much of the public but it set off a wave of womens rights meetings throughout the 1850s. It was after one of these meetings that Stanton met Susan B. Anthony. This meeting had a profound influence on the future of the womens movement. Together, Stanton and Anthony founded the National Womens Suffrage Association in 1869. This association was one of the central forces in the movement for womens suffrage. Sojourner Truth was one of ...

Writing an Essay

Writing an Essay Writing an Essay Writing an Essay Ability to take analytical approach in non-standard situations is one of the core competencies a recent graduate has to possess. For this reason, a lot of attention is paid to the organization of independent creative work of students, to the development of analytical thinking skills, supported by credible evidence and expert opinion. The quality of any essay, such as term paper, depends on three components: The quality of the source materials (the notes of the collected material, lectures, recordings of the discussions, student's ideas and experience on this issue); The quality of the processed material (the material systematization, its organization, reasoning and arguments); Reasoning (ability to analyze, discuss, and relate theoretical information to examples). It is impossible to write college essay without referencing primary and secondary information. Typically, prior to giving an assignment to the students to write an essay, the teacher encourages them to read several different primary sources on the topic. These sources contain contradictory information or complementary ideas. These sources are chapters from textbooks, books, articles and various publications. It is important that among the different sources students can select by themselves or with the help of the tutor choose 2-3 key articles or chapters of the book that provide a conceptual framework and theoretical reasoning. Essay Writing Essay writing is evaluated using the following criteria: The ability to respond to a question; The ability to focus on the main question, and not to be distracted by related topics; The ability to use argumentation (evidence); The ability to use data and analysis while writing description of the problem; The ability to present different points of view and to express his/she own views. Writing an Essay Tips Essay genre gives an opportunity to a subjective description of the problem in a form of free composition. Its boundaries, in general, are blurred. Essays are defined as a note, draft, and thoughts. It is usually small by volume and it freely expresses individual impressions and author's thoughts concerning the article, book, picture, film, etc. The goal of essay writing is to disclose the proposed topic by bringing arguments. Essay can not contain many ideas. While writing essay, you should reflect on one or several ideas and develop them. Writing essay outline helps you create a good and logical essay. Writing an essay try to respond clearly to the posed question, and don't go away from the topic. .com Our site is devoted to providing high school and college students with custom essay writing assistance. Writing an essay is a challenge for you, while it is our pleasure to be able to help. Every client receives free plagiarism report and free bibliography list.

Simon Cowell - The Globalization of 'Idol' and the Journey it Took to Research Paper

Simon Cowell - The Globalization of 'Idol' and the Journey it Took to Bring Reality Television to TV Stardom - Research Paper Example Of course, most viewers not only tune to the program to watch their favorite contestant but also Simon Cowell the most famous reality TV judge. With Simon Cowell seated in the centre state from week to week and from season to season, the show has maintained the top position for eight consecutive seasons. With Cowell’s departure from the series, American idol still fares well in reality TV ratings. This factor is the main source of controversy concerning the contribution of Cowell to American idol and American idol to Cowell's successes. With this in mind, it seems more profound to claim that American idol is responsible for the creation of Simon Cowell. However, it is a fact that American Idol did not require him to become the number one reality TV show in the globe. This essay investigates the controversy between Simon Cowell and American Idol in relation to their global stardom. Who made the American Idol? Simon Cowell is often confused with Simon Fuller the British reality TV producer and manger. It is unfortunate that people link or associate American Idol’s success with Conwell despite having played a minor role in the production of the show. Simon Fuller is the man behind the production and the globalization of the American Idol although he is not present in most scenes. On the other hand, Conwell was given the role of being a judge when the program came into air in the mid 2002. This indicates that the American Idol could have been in existence even without Cowell’s participation. Although Cowell contributed to the creation of the modern day American Idol, the program acquired public interests when it was still under its early stage of production. The pop Idol was the first version that Fuller established in 2001 before Simon Cowell’s version the X Factor came into the scene (Sweney web). The American Idol was established on the X factor, which was a refined version of the pop Idol. Although the American Idol became the most r eality TV show, it had its foundation on the Pop Idol, which was Fuller’s creation. Before Simon Cowell became a judge on American Idol, Fuller had already acquired the credit of being the best reality TV show producer in the world. This indicates that Cowell worked on an established program to produce the American Idol and he was not involved in the initial work of creating the program. Reality TV shows such as American Idol and X Factor have grown to reach their status due to their interactive nature. Unlike other TV series, reality TV shows are the only programs that incorporate the views of the viewers (Rushfield 231). This involves direct votes through calls, text messages or internet that viewers make during every audition. Choosing the winner among the many contestants who compete for the top price is the main task in a reality TV shows. The role of determining the winner among the high number of contestants who present themselves at every audition is demanding task. A s a judge, Simon Cowell is known for his excessive scrutiny and criticism of contestants. Although judges are important in American Idol, they play a minor role of confirming the results. This is because the viewers are the main players in the selection a winner an audition. This indicates that American Idol could have achieved its current success without the contributions of Simon Cowell. In addition, other judges such as Jenifer Lopez, Randy Jackson, Steven Tyler and Ryan have immensely contributed to the

Women's Issues Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Women's Issues - Thesis Example Denying the self in order to fit into roles that are defined by male dominance does not provide for freedom, but is a continuing diminishment of those roles that can only be taken on by the female gender. The female gender has been fighting a battle that cannot be won, defeating their own essential instincts in order to create a world in which male dominance is continued through female adaptation to male roles. In Kate Chopin’s (1884) The Story of an Hour, freedom is described by the absence of a husband. Having done as society required and married, when her husband died Mrs. Mallard was given freedom from both social constraint and the oppression of marriage. The oppression of marriage was not defined by love or a lack of love, but by a society that pushed women’s desires to the back in deference to their husband. It could be said that in the hour she spent within that freedom, she had established true equality. She could be female and express herself through those traditions that were decidedly feminine, but she would no longer be subject to the scrutiny or opinion of her husband. Although she would still be constrained by the conventions of the 19th century, the essential message was that she was no longer oppressed within the space of her home, her ideas, beliefs, desires and ambitions freed within the boundaries of her position in life. The point of this story is that fo r an hour she experienced this freedom, and this can be used as a structure from which to discuss the problems with feminism as it has attempted to free woman from the oppression of male dominance. Reading Mary Wollstonecraft (1792) allows the feminist with an open mind to begin to re-envision her place within a modern world. It is not the modern message that women must be both male and female to be considered successful, but that women should be given equal standing for the value of their gender. She discusses the idea that women should be companions, not merely subjugated wives,

Importance Of Audience Research Media Essay

Importance Of Audience Research Media Essay Market Research has become one of the most lucrative career option and is among the highest growing fields in todays scenario. The high growth of the sector is a testimonial to the growing demand of research across all industries, then be it FMCG, Automobiles, Finance or Media. With the new breed of young MBAs coming through, the focus now is on Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Thus most businesses want to reach only their Target Audiences and filter out the excesses as they consider it as a wastage of resources, both in terms of money and time. This is particularly true for the media industry, where we have a variety of products like IMRBS TAM, IRS, . This is because a major chunk of media revenues come from advertisements which again depend on audience measurement in reaching to their decision as to which channel to give their ads on. Thus a high TRP in a TAM would ensure that you land up with the best of the sponsors and command highest of the prices. The need of Audience research can be traced in the Psychology studies done by Kellner in 2007. Different people purchase the same items but for a variety of reasons referred to as necessity, social pressures , family pressures , convenience , inadvertence and economic reasons . The field of Psychology has provided ample explanations through theories made from researches and studies to make the understanding of consumer behavior , and its applications in a variety of ways , what it is today (Kellner , 2007) . Media research is done primarily to observe study and analyze the pre-behaviours of the viewing population as well as the specific human behaviours that are evident as a result of the influence of media post the media exposure. The study may be carried out by researchers which may include organizations and individuals who may benefit out of the study either through government mandated projects or private agencies or companies whose interests may have their greater impact by how their businesses Ideas or products may have their impact on certain populations targeted or reached by media. Reasons/Advantages of Audience Research There are several advantage for doing audience research. Depending on which reason applies in a particular situation, a different type of research should be chosen. To help in making a decision The research may involve a few very specific questions or a main area covered, through a small survey, or a set of 3 or 4 focus groups. To understand the audience Research may involve either a set of focus groups, or a detailed survey. In general, a survey will provide precise results, but will be less informative. Also, a survey will cost a lot more, and take more time. To demonstrate facts to outsiders Commercial media owners want to attract advertisers to advertise on their medium. Thus it helps to have data showing the size, demographics, and interests of their audience. A related purpose is a special-interest organization, seeking support from a funding body, and providing survey data to show the extent of public support for that organization. This type of information should come from a research, conducted by an impartial third party. To provide material for programs The research data about the audiences can be used by media organizations, to generate content for the programming. For this purpose, all research methods are suitable, including surveys, consensus groups, and informal interviews. To design your communication You need to know your listeners, if you wish to persuade them, as it helps to shape your message in a way that may be acceptable to them. You may also need to know about their specific interests or the relationship among the audience members. This is particularly important when the communication goal is to persuade, and not just to create awareness. Also you need to identify the issues that may trigger strong emotions in your audience. Media Strategy: Media Planning, Media Buying and Media Selling Thus audience research and analysis is essential in determining how you will build your strategy so as to reflect their specific interests and concerns. And the more likely is the strategy to succeed. Components of Audience Research What you should know A major component involves the social situation of your present and potential audience. These can include their experience, education, job or professional background, age, gender, ethnic background, cultural differences, and more. Here are some of the key questions that are to be covered as a part of the research. What is the coverage area of your media vehicle? What other media, and activities are competing for your audiences time? How are these people distributed across the coverage area? What proportion of the area population use your media? How often do they use it? At what times, on what days? What is your stations share of their available time? What types of people use your media most? In what circumstances do people use your media? Do your listeners share common interests? Whats their relationship to one another? What recent experiences, if any, have they had that could affect their readiness to accept your argument? What will your listeners expect from you? Are you prepared in any case to address those expectations? What do they already know? Acknowledge audience attitudes and concerns. If the audience hold a positive view about your topic and your messages, the focus of the research will be on reinforcing the views and the benefits your audience may get. If they hold negative views, youll have to anticipate their objection in preparation of your research. You may have to limit what you ask of your audience. Determining what can trigger strong emotions in your listeners-whether positive or negative-is an essential step, you need to take those concerns into account and through that, thus showing your own awareness and sensitivity. How much to spend on audience research Audience research can cost a little or a lot. The cost is largely proportional to the sample size and the amount of labour involved: there are few economics of scale with audience research. Some research programs specially permanent panels with TV meters can cost millions of dollars. As a guide, many large broadcasters spend around 1% to 2% of their total revenue on audience research each year. For an individual project, which needs more detailed research than usual, its common to spend around 5% to 10% of the projects cost on research. Exposure: The basic measurement of the Media Audiences Ways that Media Audiences can be measured Technically exposure means open eyes or listening ears facing the medium. Practically it is the measurement of people who say they are sure they have looked into or read a vehicle within a given period of time. Exposure measurements are different for different mediums. Media Measurement What it measures What it means Vehicle Exposure Exposure to TV or print media Open eyes facing a vehicle(or opportunities to see ads) Print Media circulation No. of copies distributed People or families receiving newspaper vehicles(no exposure counted) Advertising exposure Number of ads exposed per issue or per TV program. A gross counting of the total number of ads exposed in a vehicle. Advertising Perception Number of ads that consumer remembered having seen in a vehicle The smallest amount of communication remembered of ads in a vehicle. Advertising Communication The total amount of recalled material from ads in a vehicle Feedback from ad messages in a vehicle. Response function: media effectiveness The number of responses to specific advertising in a vehicle The effect of advertising on consumers (responses such as sales, brand awareness, attitude change, and recall of messages) * The Relationship among Media, Advertising, and Consumers, Principles of Media Planning, Basant Rathore. Three methods of measurement Diaries: The diary was one of the first methods of recording information. However, this is prone to mistakes and forgetfulness, as well as subjectivity. Data is also collected down to the level of listener opinion of individual songs, cross referenced against their age, race, and economic status in listening sessions sponsored by oldies and mix formatted stations. Electronic: More recently, technology has been used to track listening and viewing habits. Arbitrons Portable People Meter uses a microphone to pick up and record subaudible tones embedded in broadcasts by an encoder at each station or network. It has even been used to track in-store radio. Software: There are certain software applications being developed to monitor cable TV operators with full passive and permissive viewer measurement functionality to monitor television channel ratings. The system tracks every time the channel is changed and records it accordingly. It allows what was being viewed at the time and which channel the viewer changed to. This information allows operators, broadcasters and advertising media to monitor audience TV usage habits. Media Planners use Cost per thousand as a comparative tool, to compare one medium or media vehicle with another to find those that are most efficient. It can be used for intermedia or intramedia comparisons. For print media (when audience data are not available): CPM= (Cost of 1 page * 1000)/ Circulation For print media (when audience data are available): CPM= (Cost of 1 page * 1000)/ No. of prospects readers reached For broadcast media (based on homes or audiences reached by a given program or time): CPM= (Cost of 1 page * 1000)/ No. of homes or persons reached by a given program or time For newspapers: CPM= (Cost of ad * 1,000)/ Circulation Advance Measurements and Calculations in Audience Research Reach- is a measurement of audience accumulation. It tells planners how many different prospects or households will see the ad once over any period of time the planner finds relevant. It differs from GRPs in the sense that each person is counted once, thus it is an unduplicated number. Frequency- It tells the planner the average number of times or the extent that audience members were exposed to same vehicle or a group of vehicles. It is a measure of repetition. Effective frequency- can be defined as the amount of frequency, the planner judges to be necessary for advertisements to be effective for communication. Sources of Market Data Size and share of market for a brand and its competitors, and other information contained in a situation analysis, can be obtained by a number of syndicated research services. Other data can be obtained from periodicals, association reports, govt, and media. The most widely used syndicated research services are those of A.C. Nielsen, Information Resources Inc. , Audits and Surveys Inc., Mediamark Research Inc., Simmons Market Research Bureau., IMRB, TAM, TNS etc. Some of the audience measurement tools are as follows: aMap, aDex, TAM, RAM, WAM, IRS etc. Methods of doing Research Audience Measurement for each medium National TV: TAM peoples meter (w/ 8,000 homes) TAM and aMap Nielsen Media Research/IMRB TNS Radio: Diary in radio markets RAM(Nielsen Media Research/IMRB) Magazines Recent-reading techniques w/ in-person interview and a long questionnaire about their product use Indian Readership Survey Newspapers Yesterday reading (Which NP did you read yesterday? typically use circulation figures) Indian Readership Survey Audits and reports the circulation of various publications Internet Use national sample of respondents Measure the number of visitors, how long people stay in each page, how far they go, how many times they return Nielsen/NetRatings or IMRBs WAM Out-of-Home the number of cars passing each billboard on the average day (daily circulation) Case Studies Case Study 1: Kheda Communication Project *Source: http://www.indianetzone.com/42/kheda_communication_project.htm The Kheda Communications Project or KCP is a field laboratory that aimed at the development and local communication in Kheda district of Gujarat. This project began in 1975 and continued till 1990. The site chosen for the experiment was Kheda district, which is an area near the SAC headquarters in Ahmedabad. Thus Kheda Communication Project could broadcast either local television programmes or national satellite television programmes. Around 650 community television sets were provided to 400 villages and also installed in public places like schools, where village audiences gathered in the evenings to view the broadcasts. The research team involved Prof. Arbind Sinha and his team from ISRO living in the village for around 18 months, and doing an ethnographic study so and studied their media consumption habits. The stay was important so as to understand the reasons for their media behaviour. The project was a first of its kind experiment by the Indians in the field of audience research. Kheda Communications Project is believed to be a milestone in the history of Indian television. The Development and Education Communication Unit managed this project and produced the development and educational programmes that involved the local audience. Case Study 2: CNN America *Source: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-500486_162-929913-500486.html In the early days of television, news directors had little use for audience research it was far more the province of entertainment programming. The network news was only 15 minutes, and with so little time, the focus was almost exclusively on which stories had the most journalistic merit. But by the 1970s and 1980s the news was changing: Local stations were expanding their broadcasts to an hour or longer, and the compelling stories of the day no longer filled the time. Producers needed to know what kinds of stories would keep the audience. And so they embraced research. Viewers, researchers concluded, wanted useful information stories that were relevant to the way they live their lives in addition to the traditional news. Suddenly, stories about health, finance, and consumer concerns began popping up on the local news. Soon the network morning shows turned to research as well. They had plenty of reasons to do so. Like local newscasts, the morning shows had longer running times, and research helped producers figure out which lifestyle-type stories best held an audience. The morning shows also relied on a team of correspondents instead of a lone anchor, and audience research allowed producers to see the audiences response to various on-air personalities, who in some cases played a larger role in the broadcast than the content itself. (Examples of this type of personality abound, though perhaps there is no better than NBC weatherman Al Roker.) And the research helped producers better understand the audience, which, in the morning, is divided into two distinct segments with very different needs: People who are in transit and watch briefly before beginning their day, and people who stay home and are more likely to be there for the whole two hours. The television advertising industry in India is a complex and dynamic one with media choices increasing everyday. New channels are launched; new genres are established; brands are targeting niche audiences. In this scenario there is a need to find a perfect channel fit for the brand. The financial risks are too high and one needs to take action immediately to make the best of every rupee spent, therefore, the need for an overnight measurement system. The heterogeneity amongst consumers and their diverse spending patterns call for a more robust system for audience measurement on a much larger sample size. Case Study 3: All India Radio *Source: http://india.gov.in/knowindia/radio.php?pg=2 AIRs Audience Research Unit(Largest Feedback and Research Support Network)- In the era of market driven broad casting, it may not be possible for any media organization to survive without feeling the pulse of their audience and knowing the market. This compelled the media organisation, particularly electronic media, to get the syndicated media research done to know the viewership/listenership of their programmes market potential for them. No broadcasting agency can afford to move faster without the viewership/listenership data in hand. The case of radio broadcasting is not different, the competition is intensifying day by day due to opening of more and more private radio stations but none of the upcoming radio broadcasting agencies across the country, other than All India Radio, has such a large in house audience feedback and research support network. The Audience Research Units of All India Radio provide instant feedback and research support not only to the in house programme planners producers but also to the sponsors, advertisers marketers. With the changing mass communication scenario particularly market oriented broadcasting, Audience Research Unit of AIR has also reoriented itself. Efforts are on to create the ripple of changes to curve a niche for itself among the sponsors, advertiser marketers. This is evident from the studies assigned to the Audience Research Units in the recent past by the various agencies. Besides the sponsored studies, the network of audience research continuously conducts radio listenership survey (RPL) in order to provide updated data to the programmers as well as the advertisers interested in mounting advertisements on AIR.

The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives

For most parts of history, government financial executives have been taken as scorekeepers, and made responsible for collecting, processing and reporting the financial information that used by elected officials and senior managers who use them in making their decisions. The question is whether their role has now changed with the present importance of information technology. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Now there is increasing evidence of the importance that information technology is getting in public administration and this is resulting in more and more insistence from the public that government financial executives have a greater say in all decision making activities of the government. The finance executives are now the individuals to lead the charge for getting an entrepreneurial type of government and have it judged based on its performance. For most of the finance executives now, the changes are leading to redesigning of entire processes related to finance, introducing best practices for financial management, improving and integrating financial management with other information management and in certain cases even shifting the responsibility of all financial operations to outsiders. The trend is now to change finance functions in a manner that control functions for financial expenditures are built into non-financial processes so that the non-financial manager also has to take up responsibility for the activities. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) This provides a lot more freedom to the finance experts to use their expertise for the purpose of finance. The attempt here is not to demean the traditional duties of government financial executives, as it is always important to comply with accounting and financial reporting that is required, make correct cash reconciliation and process all financial transactions in time. Yet, these activities were generally thought to be only the regular duties of the finance executives. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) There are also finance officers at different levels and the state or provincial level executives who are the link to the local finance officers from the top. They meet rarely – generally once a year during annual conferences of some type or the other. The importance of these executives is in the fact that they represent their association at official ceremonies. (State and provincial representatives (Profiling GFOA)) The importance of financial officers is being increasingly recognized and in the preface to the GAAFR 2005, which is the set of guidelines to be followed. There are the summarization and specific revisions as also updates of the text of the 2001 edition: there is addition of all the amendments that were earlier included in the GAAFR Update supplement; there has been addition of new material which are connected to the GASB statements from 39 through 45; there has been addition of new material based on the guidance that had been given in the comprehensive implementation guide as given in the GASB 2004; that included a guidance that was given for the first time in relation to GASB statement 40; there was addition of a new section related directly to all school district issues; there was reworking of a significant number of chapters; the set of references to original material was increased to a large extent so that research on the subject could become easier; an expanded and revised glossary and a redesigned index. (Making the most of the New Blue Book) Thus the importance of the finance executives in operation of the government is certain ly realized and steps are being taken to help them in operation of their functions. This is because of the present importance of the functions of the finance executives which helps the government in various ways like helping operation managers develop the financial parts of business cases and proposals for new or expanded services; leading efforts to reposition and increase the funding sources which have not been appropriated like fees, rents, royalties and franchises; provide guidance for financing new and original ventures like setting up of revolving funds, getting into public and private partnerships, or even setting up of fee for service arrangements; help performance based management; to activate a level playing field for the competition between government and the private sector. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) Sometimes the finance executives are placed in situations beyond their capability and these results in many problems. One of the instances when this sort of event occurs is in situations when the elected person leaves it to the finance person to manage the affairs in even the small cities. Even they have become multi-million dollar enterprises today. The elected person may have been a merchant, homemaker, lawyer, community activist or anything else, but in general they have little understanding of public finance. This makes them rely on the administrators or auditors that they have in their organization. This is what happened in Orange County, California and the faulty investment strategy of the treasurer led to losses for the county of well over a billion dollars. The budget that is presented may be balanced, but that does not mean that the collection and disbursement of money is in proper order. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) In certain cases, for balancing the budget, easy methods are adopted; the money is drawn from reserves. This withdrawal can be done only once, yet the city of Miami followed this process for many years as the city had deficit operations and used bond collections to cover it up. The important matter is that the budget be balanced through the use of current revenues only. This can be understood by looking at the general fund balance sheet and the total requirement checked and the collected resources should exceed the requirements. Any management of a public corporation should be adding to the funds and not decreasing the funds by drawing from it. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) This is the primary responsibility of finance executives as they are able to understand financial statements the best. Yet problems of this nature keep on happening and a Senator in United States was shocked to learn that District of Columbia had received an unqualified audit opinion though it had a deficit as high as $700 million. The reply from the audit firm was that the financial statements were presented properly and â€Å"in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles†. Guarding the Public Checkbook) Thus the matter should have been determined by the accounting executives and brought to the notice of the people as it is their funds that are not in order. The job of the leadership is to decide where the body has to be taken, and the finance executives have to determine what is happening to the revenue base, what are the major problems for the body, what are the implications of the changes that have been made, and so on. When the issue of Orange County bankruptcy hit the headlines, the final truth was revealed that both the chief administrator and the treasurer did not know much about finance. This should have been mentioned by them and the decisions left to better qualified individuals. These sorts of problems come up when the recruitment and hiring processes are not correct. Otherwise someone should have realized that it all right to hire individuals who are not financial experts, but every organization must have at least one individual with that capacity. It is clear that elementary oversight must be practiced. In the case of Orange County, supervisor Bill Steiner clearly admitted that he did not know what questions he should have asked, and this finally made him an accomplice in the whole unfortunate affair. It is important that individuals in charge of recruitment develop the knowledge of asking relevant financial questions. Even when the problem was noted, another mess was nearly started when the county thought of using a sales tax increase as their method of getting out of the situation. The county had fallen into a position where it had to decide on privatization, program reduction, asset sales, etc. the county was trying to take a simple way out. It is clear today that the increase in tax was neither intelligent nor needed. The best advice for the county was to file for financial bankruptcy and this was provided by the Board of Supervisor, Thomas Reilly. (Guarding the Public Checkbook) It is clear that finance executives have an important role and they must live up to the expectations of the people who they are serving. However, like all other government officials, even accounting personnel have to provide leadership and one such case was in the disaster recovery effort after the Hurricane Ivan had struck northern Florida. They were a team of six high level managers who are normally accustomed to working in nice offices in a large organization. They had to toil from dawn to dusk in very high temperatures with steamy weather and there was no electricity. There was no fresh water and not a place for them to take a break. They had to do a lot of physical labor and adequate tools were not available. The food was just peanut butter, cheese from a tube, apples, and candy bars – and this was the same food for all three meals. Sleep was in the back of a cramped vehicle and that had no air-conditioning, and go through the same schedule for a few days. Yet in spite of all the difficulties the team were focused on there jobs, with cooperation and high enthusiasm. Yet the reasons why they had come were not due to government duty, but with the purpose of helping a colleague whose home had been badly damaged. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) The main story about all this is that the secret of making people work with a will is treating them like trusted and valued adults. They can work the best when there are clear goals and expectations with autonomy, feedback and appreciation. At the same time, it is essential that the leaders also show a certain amount of enthusiasm and human touch. The leaders have to continue working with the same energy and dedication while relinquishing some amount of control and authority. The attitude of the leaders to others must be one of empathy, or fellow feeling. On top of everything, no leader should feel that the leader knows best about all matters, and be ready to apologize when they make mistakes. These are certain behavioral techniques that help in getting the best help from employees. (Unlocking the potential of Your Employees) This appreciation of leadership role is useful to the chief financial officers and finance directors who are no longer being viewed as only scorekeepers but as trusted business advisors and partners. In the private sector, this change has been going on for quite some time, but it has started only recently in the government. This also determines the role of the financial executives and they have to spend most of their time in determining the correct strategic and operating decisions and spend much less time in earlier operations which used to take up a lot of time – like account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. This is all being done in the machine, and thus the shift of the emphasis of the finance executive's direction is not requiring extra employment. (From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) As a matter of fact, the size of employees in the finance function will reduce. The change in the role of the finance executive is occurring in all organizations. Considering the development that has taken place over the last few years, it is important for financial executives to strike a balance between their roles as score keeper and adviser. What is meant by balance is that the regular work also has to be finished, and at the same time take up a more important role in organizational development. The results of this change in the government organizations can be seen through improved budgetary processes that are now beginning to link funds allocation to performance achieved, innovative methods to recover administrative costs, and increased use of technology to reduce the need for reconciliation and useless data entry. The help from technology is high in the areas of account reconciliation, payment processing and historical financial reporting. From Scorekeeper to Business Partner: The Evolving Role of Government Financial Executives) One of the important measures of finance officers in local governments is now performance measures and that is driven by increasing demands from citizens for government accountability, increased interest from local legislators regarding performance related information so that better evaluation can be made of programs as also for resource allocation and the efforts from different organizations and professional associations to make governments targeted to results. The performance measures allow policy makers, managers and the general public find out the effectiveness of government services. The measurement of performance takes into account the resources used, the activities generated by the programs and the final results obtained from the programs and services. However quite a few of the performance measurement activities are limited to only measuring program inputs and outputs. (Performance Measurement) On the other side, correct methods of performance measurement should also talk about the program results. From the side of the government, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board or GASB has been concentrating on performance measurement from the early 1980s. As a result of this concentration, there was a series of research reports called â€Å"Service Efforts and Accomplishments reporting† that was issued for the help of governments in measuring performance. This was followed up in 1994 with the second statement on the same lines. This stated that â€Å"service efforts and accomplishments information – including both financial and non-financial performance measures – is an essential aspect of the measurement of governmental performance and is necessary for assessing accountability and making informed decisions†. (Performance Measurement) It is important for government finance executives to tell the truth and not hide it for presentation purposes. An example is in the case of Oregon where the proportions of adult Oregonians who are smokers are only 20. 7 percent when in the rest of the country the same ratio is 23. 2 percent. Yet, they were not felt to be enough in Oregon as the state had fixed a target of 15 percent to be achieved by 2000 and this was fixed in the year 1989 by the benchmarks program in the state. While fixing the target, the committee was anything but realistic as this sort of non-smoking does not exist in United States. This is a matter that should have been properly discussed at the time of setting up the targets. The targets were set in all areas with direct goals to be reached – in health, education, economic development, environmental policy and so on. (The Problem with promises) The decision was taken that the state government would try to reach these targets within ten years. The decisions for allocation of funds and other matters were then to be made according to the achievements of targets. In one of these instances, the state wanted to reduce the use of drugs among students of the eighth standard to 3 percent from the original figure of 14 percent. Some time later it was realized that the target would not be reached, and then the solution sought for the problem was to change the target to 15 percent from 3 percent. At the end of the period, the proportion of users was 14 percent – the same as at the start of the plan – but it was viewed that the target has been reached. (The Problem with promises) These types of efforts by the accounts officers are just efforts to hide the truth and do not help any part of society. The importance of being truthful has been realized by the National Performance Review and they have stated that â€Å"effective entrepreneurial governments insist on customer satisfaction. They listen carefully to their customers – using surveys and focus groups – and restructure their basic operations to meet customer needs. They use market dynamics such as competition and customer choice to create incentives that drive their employees to put the customer first†. (Linking Quality to Business Planning and Performance Goals in Local Government) The importance of government finance officers are best utilized when they end up providing the truth to the public.

Ethical Dilemma Of Assisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1099 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Assisted Suicide Essay Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? The topic of Assisted suicide has many different types of viewpoints and ethical questions. Some agree with the decision of ending ones life under certain circumstances with the help of a physician and others disagree and would say its an unethical act. There are two different kinds of definitions when describing assisted suicide. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Dilemma Of Assisted Suicide" essay for you Create order Euthanasia is when the administration of the lethal medication is done by someone other than the patients, usually the physician, and results in ending their life (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). Physician assisted suicide is giving the patient the knowledge and option to take their own life and the final act is performed by the patient (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). The ethical dilemma is between those that believe assisted suicide is ethical or unethical. Those that believe its unethical stand behind the belief and argue that its better to use and develop terminal care and palliative care for the patient resulting in there no longer having a need for assisted suicide (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). If a patient is getting the proper treatment and medication t Other concerns that have been argued is that if assisted suicide where to be legislated it would lead to a slippery slope and has the ability to evolve from assisted suicide being voluntary and the patients decision leading to euthanasia and having it be done against the patients wishes. Its important to protect elderly, mentally incompetent and disabled individuals from having the stigma that their way of life is a burden and their suffering is not worth living (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). The argument in favor of assisted suicide includes the beliefs that even with the use of palliative care, it fully does not relief the patient from suffering and destress the them (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). Terminally ill patients request for the assisted death and its their right to decide what happens and the timing of their death. Terminally ill patients usually have no other options for treatment and end up dying a slow and painful death. The act of suicide is not illegal and if doctors have the means to end life in a quick and painless manner then its an individuals decision to make that decision for themselves. Possible answers to this ethical dilemma is having safeguards in place to protect individuals who might not have the capacity to fully understand their decision making. This can be done by having two doctors check off on the patients decision to go through with the assisted suicide and make sure their mental health and comprehensive capacity is well. The doctors must agree that the patient qualifies and has a terminal illness that is leaving them to live their life suffering and they agrees with the decision to carry out the suicide. The patient must have a written consent request for the lethal medication. The patient has a fourteen-day period before going forward with the administration giving them time to decide if that is what they truly want for themselves. Those that oppose assisted suicide believe the answer to the dilemma is to increase development of palliative care. Palliative care is the approach of help improving the patients life by the relief of suffering and pain when they have a life-threatening illness. The use of this kind of approach gives the patient the ability to die with dignity. Ethical principles that are included in the for assisted suicide and against argument includes Autonomy, beneficence, non- maleficence and justice. Those in favor believe that autonomy gives patients the right to decide for themselves what they want to do with their life and when they can die. The patient should be able to die in dignity on their own terms instead of having to suffer. If doctor has the ability to save lifes then what stops them from taking it away when it is wanted by the patient. Beneficence which is defined as doing good, can be argued by saying the patient is suffering and it would be doing good to ultimately reliving the patient from that pain and destressing them. Non-maleficence which means to do no harm can be argued to say if the doctor chooses not to address the patients request to relieve the pain and hardships then this can be detrimental to the patients and the medical providers relationship. Justice which can be defined as societal implication, c an be argued that regulatory safeguards ensure the protection for individuals that have disabilities and mental incompetents that could be harmed by the action of assisted suicide. The argument against assisted suicide believes the ethical principle autonomy is over ridden by the sanctity of life (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). If people with terminal illness are able to request assisted suicide, then people are non-terminals can also argue that they autonomously request the lethal medication as well. There should be balance between appreciation for life and human dignity. Beneficence is argued that assisted death is not doing good because the medical provider is abandoning the patient. Non-maleficence is augured that assisted suicide is harmful to the patient and doctor relationship as well has is harmful to the integrity of the medical profession within society (Harris, Richard, Khanna, 2006). The last ethical principle Justice can be argued that vulnerable groups in society for example the mental incompetent and disabled may begin to start requesting assisted suicide. In this dilemma both viewpoints make an excellent argument and have key points that are compelling. The act of Euthanasia is completely unethical because the patient is not the one deciding it and completing the final action. For me this isnt an easy yes or no question when talking about physician-assisted suicide, I can see the argument on both sides. That being side in my opinion I would side more with the argument that assisted suicide is not ethical. Yes, I think the patient does have a right to decide what they can do with their life. Healthcare is defined as the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health. Health care providers are there to help improve the patients life not end it, now if the patients wants to end their life then yes I agree that is there decision to do so, no one should have a say in what they decide to do, but in my opinion a doctor should not be involved in that decision and give them the means to carry it out for doctors are there to improve their health can do good for the patients. I also understand the argument that if terminal patients can argue autonomy then what stops patients that are non-terminal from arguing the same thing.